NCERT Notes & Summary

Globe is a true model (miniature form) of the earth. Geographical Axis - The axis on which earths rotates. North Pole lies on the north and South Pole lies on the south. Equator – An imaginary line running across the globe that divides earth into two hemispheres. Northern half of the earth is Northern Hemisphere and southern half is Southern Hemisphere. Parallels of Latitude - All parallel circles from the equator up to the poles. The equator represents the 0° latitude. Since the distance from the equator to either of the poles is one-fourth of a circle round the earth, it’ll measure 1/4 th of 360°, i.e. 90°. Thus, 90°N latitude marks the North Pole and 90°S latitude marks the South Pole. All parallels north of the equator are called North Latitudes. All parallels south of the equator are called South Latitudes.   By measuring the angle of the Pole Star from your place, you can know the latitude of your place. IMPORTANT PARALLELS OF LATITUDES Besides the equato...

Celestial bodies are any astronomical bodies outside the earth’s atmosphere such as earth, moon, and sun. Stars are celestial bodies made up of gas; emitting their own heat and light. Sun is a star. Constellations  are the various patterns formed by various group of stars.  Eg:  Ursa Major  or  Big Bear ,  Small Bear  or  Saptrishi , it’s a group of seven stars that forms a part of the large Ursa Major Constellation. The  North Star  indicates the north direction. It’s also called the Pole Star. It always remains in the same position in the sky. Planets are the celestial bodies that don’t have their own heat and light. They’re lit by the light of stars. Eg: Earth. The word ‘planet’ comes from the Greek word “Planetai” which means ‘wanderers’. The Solar System The sun, eight planets, satellites and some other celestial bodies known as asteroids and meteoroids form the solar system. The   sun is in the centre of the solar syst...